Geomatics support to the metric documentation of the archaeological heritage. Tests and validations on the use of low-cost, rapid, image-based sensors and systems.

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UAS photogrammetry and SLAM for the HBIM model of the Montanaro Belltower

Uncrewed Aerial Systems (UAS) are nowadays a consolidated technique for the 3D metric documentation of Built Heritage. Nevertheless, a complete survey of complex heritage assets still requires the integration of different techniques, using a multisensor and multiscale approach. The research presented in this contribution relates a documentation experience achieved on a complex heritage asset, from multisensor data acquisition, through data processing and validation to the phase of 3D modeling and HBIM creation

Integrated imaging approaches supporting the excavation activities. Multi-scale geospatial documentation in hierapolis (TK)

The paper focuses on the exploration of the suitability and the discretization of applicability issues about advanced surveying integrated techniques, mainly based on image-based approaches compared and integrated to range-based ones that have been developed with the use of the cutting-edge solutions tested on field. The investigated techniques integrate both technological devices for 3D data acquisition and thus editing and management systems to handle metric models and multi-dimensional data in a geospatial perspective, in order to innovate and speed up the extraction of information during the archaeological excavation activities. These factors, have been experienced in the outstanding site of the Hierapolis of Phrygia ancient city (Turkey), downstream the 2017 surveying missions, in order to produce high-scale metric deliverables in terms of high-detailed Digital Surface Models (DSM), 3D continuous surface models and high-resolution orthoimages products. In particular, the potentialities in the use of UAV platforms for low altitude acquisitions in aerial photogrammetric approach, together with terrestrial panoramic acquisitions (Trimble V10 imaging rover), have been investigated with a comparison toward consolidated Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) measurements. One of the main purposes of the paper is to evaluate the results offered by the technologies used independently and using integrated approaches. A section of the study in fact, is specifically dedicated to experimenting the union of different sensor dense clouds: both dense clouds derived from UAV have been integrated with terrestrial Lidar clouds, to evaluate their fusion. Different test cases have been considered, representing typical situations that can be encountered in archaeological sites

Challenging multi-sensor data models and use of 360 images. The Twelve Months Fountain of Valentino park in Turin

The cultural heritage and the ways in which it is today studied and analysed as well as disseminated and enhanced for the purposes of conservation, requires high attention in the choice of 3D survey and modelling methods. This manuscript investigates the possible integrations and fusion of methods and data, among the vast availability of image and range based systems, especially in the sphere of low cost techniques, which in the context of heritage documentation makes the whole and complex process of conservation more sustainable. The investigation is carried out on a historical fountain that includes a quantity of cultural values and the need to document its context: its location in the historical Valentino of Turin park, its architectural values and the geometry of the complex typically related to the tastes of the late XIX century that consist in the extreme refinement of the statuary complexes and the underground portion with the technological equipment for the activation of the water games. Basically, it will be possible to appreciate solved issues and permanent criticalities derived from the integration of close range and UAV photogrammetry techniques in addition to the LiDAR survey, both classic from a fixed position, and in the portable scanner mode, based on SLAM technology

THE INFLUENCE OF FLIGHT PLANNING AND CAMERA ORIENTATION IN UAVs PHOTOGRAMMETRY. A TEST IN THE AREA OF ROCCA SAN SILVESTRO (LI), TUSCANY

The purpose of this paper is to discuss how much the phases of flight planning and the setting of the camera orientation can affect a UAVs photogrammetric survey. The test site chosen for these evaluations was the Rocca of San Silvestro, a medieval monumental castle near Livorno, Tuscany (Italy). During the fieldwork, different sets of data have been acquired using different parameters for the camera orientation and for the set up of flight plans. Acquisition with both nadiral and oblique orientation of the camera have been performed, as well as flights with different direction of the flight lines (related with the shape of the object of the survey). The different datasets were then processed in several blocks using Pix4D software and the results of the processing were analysed and compared. Our aim was to evaluate how much the parameters described above can affect the generation of the final products of the survey, in particular the product chosen for this evaluation was the point cloud

Tecniche di acquisizioni fotogrammetriche per il rilievo speditivo utilizzando una Steadycam commerciale

La rapidità di acquisizione nell’ambito del rilievo metrico 3D è un aspetto fondamentale, soprattutto per quanto riguarda contesti post-emergenziali, che spesso sono connotati da elevata pericolosità; negli ultimi anni, proprio per questo motivo, diverse ricerche applicate sono state sviluppate al fine di ottimizzare nuove metodologie di mapping rapide, flessibili e low-cost. Durante questa ricerca è stata testata una steadycam commerciale con la quale sono stati acquisiti in maniera speditiva dei fotogrammi del soffitto ligneo della Basilica di San Nicola a Tolentino, al fine di valutare l’utilizzo di questo strumento per scopi fotogrammetrici come possibile soluzione speditiva ed economica

THE 4DILAN PROJECT (4TH DIMENSION IN LANDSCAPE AND ARTIFACTS ANALYSES)

The project is part of the wider application and subsequent spread of innovative digital technologies involving robotic systems. Modern society needs knowledge and investigation of the environment and of the related built landscape; therefore it increasingly requires new types of information. The goal can be achieved through the innovative integration of methods to set new analysis strategies for the knowledge of the built heritage and cultural landscape. The experimental cooperation between different disciplines and the related tools and techniques, which this work suggests for the analysis of the architectural heritage and the historical territory, are the following: - 3D metric survey techniques with active and passive sensors - the latter operating in both terrestrial mode and by aerial point of view. In some circumstances, beyond the use of terrestrial LiDAR, even the newest mobile mapping system using SLAM technology (simultaneous localization and mapping) has been tested. - Techniques of non-destructive investigation, such as geophysical analysis of the subsoil and built structures, in particular GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) techniques. - Historic and stratigraphic surveys carried out primarily through the study and interpretation of documentary sources, cartography and historical iconography, closely related to the existing data or latent material. The experience through the application of these techniques of investigation connected to the built spaces and to the manmade environments has been achieved with the aim of improving the ability to analyse the occurred transformations/layers over time and no longer directly readable or interpretable on manufactured evidence

THE GEOMATICS CONTRIBUTION FOR THE VALORISATION PROJECT IN THE ROCCA OF SAN SILVESTRO LANDSCAPE SITE

This paper proposes an emblematic project where several multi-sensor strategies for spatial data acquisition and management, range based and image based, were combined to create a series of integrated territorial and architectural scale products characterized by a rich multi-content nature. The work presented here was finalized in a test site that is composed by an ensemble of diversified cultural deposits; the objects that were surveyed and modelled range from the landscape with its widespread mining sites, the main tower with its defensive role, the urban configuration of the settlement, the building systems and techniques, a medieval mine. For this reason, the Rocca of San Silvestro represented a perfect test case, due to its complex and multi-stratified character. This archaeological site is a medieval fortified village near the municipality of Campiglia Marittima (LI), Italy. The Rocca is part of an Archaeological Mines Park and is included in the Parchi della Val di Cornia (a system of archaeological parks, natural parks and museums in the south-west of Tuscany). The fundamental role of a deep knowledge about a cultural artefact before the planning of a restoration and valorisation project is globally recognized; the qualitative and quantitative knowledge provided by geomatics techniques is part of this process. The paper will present the different techniques that were used, the products that were obtained and will focus on some mapping and WEB GIS applications and analyses that were performed and considerations that were made

THE GEOMATICS CONTRIBUTION FOR THE VALORISATION PROJECT IN THE ROCCA OF SAN SILVESTRO LANDSCAPE SITE

This paper proposes an emblematic project where several multi-sensor strategies for spatial data acquisition and management, range based and image based, were combined to create a series of integrated territorial and architectural scale products characterized by a rich multi-content nature. The work presented here was finalized in a test site that is composed by an ensemble of diversified cultural deposits; the objects that were surveyed and modelled range from the landscape with its widespread mining sites, the main tower with its defensive role, the urban configuration of the settlement, the building systems and techniques, a medieval mine. For this reason, the Rocca of San Silvestro represented a perfect test case, due to its complex and multi-stratified character. This archaeological site is a medieval fortified village near the municipality of Campiglia Marittima (LI), Italy. The Rocca is part of an Archaeological Mines Park and is included in the Parchi della Val di Cornia (a system of archaeological parks, natural parks and museums in the south-west of Tuscany). The fundamental role of a deep knowledge about a cultural artefact before the planning of a restoration and valorisation project is globally recognized; the qualitative and quantitative knowledge provided by geomatics techniques is part of this process. The paper will present the different techniques that were used, the products that were obtained and will focus on some mapping and WEB GIS applications and analyses that were performed and considerations that were made